Peer-review is one of the essential component of the academic writing process. It helps ensure the validity, originality, and suitability of submitted articles before accepting them for publication. It can be simply regarded as a quality-control system. Getting research published in a peer-reviewed journal can be time-consuming and challenging. Most scientific journals, conferences and grant applications have some sort of peer review system long review process to meet scientific standards.
The process of peer review involves an exchange between a journal editor and referees. If editorial team judges there are no fundamental flaws, they will send it for review to other scientists who work in the same field, known as peer-reviewers. Then the reviewers will provide feedback on the articles. Editors request referees to give advice and constructive comments on the scientific merit before finally recommending whether an article should be published in the journal. After going through review process, the Author may then improve and revise their article, also resubmit it for consideration.
Reference:
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/scientific-experiments/scientific-peer-review3.htm